DISABILITY & SOCIETY

期刊基本信息

期刊名称：DISABILITY & SOCIETY

期刊ISSN：0968-7599

期刊数据表：

DISABILITY & SOCIETY英文简介：

According to many definitions, a disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these. Other definitions describe disability as the societal disadvantage arising from such impairments. Disability substantially affects a person's life activities and may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime.[1] Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Disability is thus not just a health problem. It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives. — World Health Organization, Disabilities[2]Disability is a contested concept, with different meanings in different communities.[3] It may be used to refer to physical or mental attributes that some institutions, particularly medicine, view as needing to be fixed (the medical model). It may refer to limitations imposed on people by the constraints of an ableist society (the social model). Or the term may serve to refer to the identity of disabled people. Physiological functional capacity (PFC) is a related term that describes an individual's performance level. It gauges one's ability to perform the physical tasks of daily life and the ease with which these tasks are performed. PFC declines with advancing age to result in frailty, cognitive disorders or physical disorders, all of which may lead to labeling individuals as disabled.[1][4]The discussion over disability's definition arose out of disability activism in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1970s, which challenged how the medical concept of disability dominated perception and discourse about disabilities. Debates about proper terminology and their implied politics continue in disability communities and the academic field of disability studies. In some countries, the law requires that disabilities are documented by a healthcare provider in order to assess qualifications for disability benefits.

DISABILITY & SOCIETY中文简介：

根据许多定义，残疾是一种损害，可能是认知、发育、智力、心理、身体、感觉或这些的一些组合。其他定义则将残疾描述为由此类损害引起的社会不利因素。残疾严重影响一个人的生活活动，可能从出生就存在，也可能在人的一生中发生残疾是一个综合术语，包括缺陷、活动限制和参与限制。损伤是身体功能或结构上的问题;活动限制是指个人在执行任务或行动时遇到的困难;而参与限制则是个体在参与生活情境时所经历的问题。因此，残疾不仅仅是一个健康问题。它是一种复杂的现象，反映了一个人的身体特征与所生活的社会特征之间的相互作用。-世界卫生组织，残疾人[2]残疾是一个有争议的概念，在不同的社区有着不同的含义。它可以用来指一些机构，特别是医学机构，认为需要固定的物理或心理属性(医学模型)。它可能指的是一个有能力的社会(社会模式)对人们施加的限制。或者这个词可以用来指残疾人的身份。生理功能能力(PFC)是一个描述个体表现水平的相关术语。它衡量一个人完成日常生活中体力劳动任务的能力，以及完成这些任务的难易程度。PFC会随着年龄的增长而下降，从而导致身体虚弱、认知障碍或身体疾病，所有这些都可能导致人们将个人贴上残疾的标签关于残疾定义的讨论起源于20世纪70年代美国和英国的残疾行动主义，它挑战了残疾的医学概念是如何主导人们对残疾的看法和讨论的。关于恰当的术语及其隐含的政治含义的争论在残疾社区和残疾研究的学术领域继续着。在一些国家，法律要求残疾人由卫生保健提供者提供文件，以便评估残疾人福利的资格。

DISABILITY & SOCIETY在线问答：