LINGUISTICS

期刊基本信息

期刊名称：LINGUISTICS

期刊ISSN：0024-3949

期刊数据表：

LINGUISTICS英文简介：

Linguistics is the scientific study of language.[1] It involves analysing language form, language meaning, and language in context.[2] The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 6th-century-BC Indian grammarian Pāṇini[3][4] who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his Aṣṭādhyāyī.[5]Linguists traditionally analyse human language by observing an interplay between sound and meaning.[6] Phonetics is the study of speech and non-speech sounds, and delves into their acoustic and articulatory properties. The study of language meaning, on the other hand, deals with how languages encode relations between entities, properties, and other aspects of the world to convey, process, and assign meaning, as well as manage and resolve ambiguity.[7] While the study of semantics typically concerns itself with truth conditions, pragmatics deals with how situational context influences the production of meaning.[8]Grammar is a system of rules which governs the production and use of utterances in a given language. These rules apply to sound[9] as well as meaning, and include componential subsets of rules, such as those pertaining to phonology (the organisation of phonetic sound systems), morphology (the formation and composition of words), and syntax (the formation and composition of phrases and sentences).[10] Many modern theories that deal with the principles of grammar are based on Noam Chomsky's framework of generative linguistics.[11]In the early 20th century, Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished between the notions of langue and parole in his formulation of structural linguistics. According to him, parole is the specific utterance of speech, whereas langue refers to an abstract phenomenon that theoretically defines the principles and system of rules that govern a language.[12] This distinction resembles the one made by Noam Chomsky between competence and performance in his theory of transformative or generative grammar. According to Chomsky, competence is an individual's innate capacity and potential for language (like in Saussure's langue), while performance is the specific way in which it is used by individuals, groups, and communities (i.e., parole, in Saussurean terms).[13]The study of parole (which manifests through cultural discourses and dialects) is the domain of sociolinguistics, the sub-discipline that comprises the study of a complex system of linguistic facets within a certain speech community (governed by its own set of grammatical rules and laws). Discourse analysis further examines the structure of texts and conversations emerging out of a speech community's usage of language.[14] This is done through the collection of linguistic data, or through the formal discipline of corpus linguistics, which takes naturally occurring texts and studies the variation of grammatical and other features based on such corpora (or corpus data).Stylistics also involves the study of written, signed, or spoken discourse through varying speech communities, genres, and editorial or narrative formats in the mass media.[15] In the 1960s, Jacques Derrida, for instance, further distinguished between speech and writing, by proposing that written language be studied as a linguistic medium of communication in itself.[16] Palaeography is therefore the discipline that studies the evolution of written scripts (as signs and symbols) in language.[17] The formal study of language also led to the growth of fields like psycholinguistics, which explores the representation and function of language in the mind; neurolinguistics, which studies language processing in the brain; biolinguistics, which studies the biology and evolution of language; and language acquisition, which investigates how children and adults acquire the knowledge of one or more languages.Linguistics also deals with the social, cultural, historical and political factors that influence language, through which linguistic and language-based context is often determined.[18] Research on language through the sub-branches of historical and evolutionary linguistics also focus on how languages change and grow, particularly over an extended period of time.Language documentation combines anthropological inquiry (into the history and culture of language) with linguistic inquiry, in order to describe languages and their grammars. Lexicography involves the documentation of words that form a vocabulary. Such a documentation of a linguistic vocabulary from a particular language is usually compiled in a dictionary. Computational linguistics is concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. Specific knowledge of language is applied by speakers during the act of translation and interpretation, as well as in language education – the teaching of a second or foreign language. Policy makers work with governments to implement new plans in education and teaching which are based on linguistic research.Related areas of study also includes the disciplines of semiotics (the study of direct and indirect language through signs and symbols), literary criticism (the historical and ideological analysis of literature, cinema, art, or published material), translation (the conversion and documentation of meaning in written/spoken text from one language or dialect onto another), and speech-language pathology (a corrective method to cure phonetic disabilities and dis-functions at the cognitive level).

LINGUISTICS中文简介：

语言学是对语言的科学研究。【1】它涉及到分析语言形式、语言含义和语境中的语言。【2】文献中最早的活动和对语言的描述都归因于公元前6世纪的印度语法学家P_ini【3】【4】在他的著作中正式描述了梵语。语言学家传统上通过观察声音和意义之间的相互作用来分析人类语言[6]语音学是对语音和非语音声音的研究，并深入研究它们的声学和发音特性。另一方面，语言意义的研究涉及到语言如何编码实体、属性和世界其他方面之间的关系，以传递、处理和分配意义，以及管理和解决歧义问题[7]虽然语义学的研究通常涉及真理条件，但语用学研究的是情景自然语境影响意义的产生。语法是一个规则系统，它控制在一种给定语言中的话语的产生和使用。这些规则适用于声音[9]和意义，并包括规则的成分子集，例如与音位学（语音系统的组织）、形态学（单词的形成和组成）和语法（短语和句子的形成和组成）有关的规则。[10]许多现代理论都涉及到Princi。普莱斯的语法是基于诺姆乔姆斯基的生成语言学框架。20世纪初，费迪南德·索绪尔在结构语言学的表述中区分了语言和假释的概念。在他看来，假释是语言的具体表达，而语言是一种抽象现象，理论上定义了支配语言的规则的原则和体系[12]这一区别类似于诺姆·乔姆斯基在其转换语法或生成语法理论中的能力和表现。乔姆斯基认为，能力是一个人天生的语言能力和潜能（就像索绪尔的语言一样），而表现则是个人、团体和社区（即索绪尔语中的假释）使用能力的具体方式。假释的研究（通过文化话语和方言来体现）是社会语言学的一个领域，它是一个分支学科，包括在一个特定的语言群体中研究一个复杂的语言方面系统（由它自己的一套语法规则和法律控制）。语篇分析进一步研究了语言社区使用语言所产生的文本和对话的结构[14]这是通过收集语言数据，或通过语料库语言学的正式学科来完成的，语料库语言学以自然发生的文本为基础，研究语法和其他特征的变化，以及基于这种语料库（或语料库数据）。文体学还涉及到通过大众传媒中不同的言语群体、风格以及编辑或叙述形式来研究书面、签名或口头话语的研究[15]例如，在20世纪60年代，雅克·德里达提出将书面语言作为一种语言媒介来研究话语和写作，从而进一步区分了书面语言和书面语。因此，古文字学本身就是研究文字（如符号和符号）在语言中演变的学科。语言的正式研究也导致了心理语言学等领域的发展，这些领域探索了语言在思维中的表现和功能；神经语言学研究语言。大脑处理；研究语言生物学和进化的生物语言学；以及研究儿童和成人如何获得一种或多种语言知识的语言习得。语言学还涉及影响语言的社会、文化、历史和政治因素，通过这些因素，语言和基于语言的语境往往是确定的。一段时间。语言文献结合了人类学研究（语言的历史和文化）和语言研究，以描述语言及其语法。词典编纂涉及形成词汇的词汇文档。一种特定语言的语言词汇文档通常被编纂在词典中。计算语言学从计算的角度研究自然语言的统计或基于规则的建模。在翻译和口译过程中，以及在语言教育（第二语言或外语教学）中，说话者应用语言的特定知识。政策制定者与政府合作，实施新的教育计划

LINGUISTICS在线问答：